Ciyawa ko ciyawar daji rayuwa ce mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayin yanayin halitta.Gabaɗaya muna kawar da ciyayi gwargwadon iko yayin aikin noma ko aikin lambu.Amma ciyawar da aka cire ba wai kawai ake jefar da ita ba amma tana iya yin takin mai kyau idan an yi ta da kyau.Amfani da ciyawa wajen taki shine takin zamani, wanda shi ne takin zamani da aka yi da bambaro, ciyawa, ganye, datti da sauransu, wanda aka takin da takin dan adam, taki na dabbobi, da dai sauransu. Halinsa shi ne, hanyar mai sauki ce, inganci yana da kyau, ingancin taki yana da yawa, kuma yana iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwai.
Siffofin takin ciyawa:
● Sakamakon taki yana da hankali fiye da na takin dabba;
● Bambancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ba sauƙin lalacewa ba, rage haɗarin cututtuka da ci gaba da matsalolin noman da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa na kashi, a wannan yanayin, tasirinsa ya fi taki taki;
● rage haɗarin gazawar germination na amfanin gona;
● Ƙasar ciyawa tana da tsarin tushen ƙarfi, kuma bayan shiga cikin zurfi, yana ɗaukar abubuwan ma'adinai kuma ya koma ƙasa;
● Daidaitaccen rabon carbon-nitrogen da kuma bazuwar santsi;
1. Kayayyakin yin takin zamani
Abubuwan da ake yin takin sun kasu kusan kashi uku bisa ga kaddarorinsu:
Abubuwan asali
Abubuwan da ba a saurin rubewa ba, kamar ciyawar shuka iri-iri, ciyawa, ganyayen da suka fadi, kurangar inabi, peat, datti, da sauransu.
Abubuwan da ke inganta bazuwar
Gabaɗaya, sinadari ne mai cike da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata fiber mai zafin jiki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin nitrogen, kamar najasar ɗan adam, najasa, yashi silkworm, takin doki, takin tumaki, takin tsohuwa, toka shuka, lemun tsami, da sauransu.
Abun Ciki
Ƙara ɗan ƙaramin peat, yashi mai kyau da ɗan ƙaramin superphosphate ko phosphate dutse foda a yayin tsarin tarawa zai iya hana ko rage jujjuyawar nitrogen da haɓaka ingantaccen takin takin.
2. Maganin abubuwa daban-daban kafin yin takin
Don haɓaka lalata da ɓarna na kowane abu, yakamata a bi da kayan daban-daban kafin takin.
Yakamata a jera shara don fitar da fashe-fashe gilashin, duwatsu, tayal, robobi, da sauran tarkace, musamman don hana hadakar karafa masu nauyi da abubuwa masu guba da cutarwa.
A bisa ka'ida, duk nau'ikan kayan tarawa sun fi kyau a murƙushe su, kuma haɓaka wurin tuntuɓar yana da amfani ga ruɓewa, amma yana cin ƙarfin ma'aikata da kayan aiki da yawa.Gabaɗaya, ana yanke ciyawa zuwa tsayin 5-10 cm.
l Don kayan daɗaɗɗen ƙarfe, irin su masara da sorghum, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin shayar ruwa, yana da kyau a jiƙa su da najasa ko ruwan lemun tsami 2% bayan an murkushe su don halakar da bambaro na bambaro, wanda ya dace da shayar da ruwa kuma yana haɓaka. rubewa da rugujewa.
ciyawar ruwa, saboda yawan ruwan da ke cikin ruwa, yakamata a bushe a ɗan bushe kafin tari.
3.Zaɓin wurin tarawa
Wurin da za a yi takin zamani ya kamata ya zaɓi wurin da ke da ƙasa mai tsayi, leeward da rana, kusa da tushen ruwa, kuma ya dace da sufuri da amfani.Don dacewar sufuri da amfani, ana iya tarwatsa wuraren tarawa yadda ya kamata.Bayan an zaɓi wurin tarawa, za a daidaita ƙasa.
4.Rabon kowane abu a cikin takin
Gabaɗaya, adadin kayan da ake tarawa ya kai kilogiram 500 na bambaro iri-iri na amfanin gona, ciyawa, faɗuwar ganye da sauransu, ana ƙara kilo 100-150 na taki da fitsari, da kuma kilogiram 50-100 na ruwa.Adadin ruwan da aka ƙara ya dogara da bushewa da daskarar da albarkatun ƙasa.kg, ko phosphate dutse foda 25-30 kg, superphosphate 5-8 kg, nitrogen taki 4-5 kg.
Don hanzarta ruɓewar, ana iya ƙara adadin taki na alfadari ko tsohuwar takin, laka mai zurfi, da ƙasa mai albarka don haɓaka ruɓewa.Amma kasar gona kada ta kasance da yawa, don kada ya shafi balaga da ingancin takin.Don haka, wani karin magana na noma ya ce, “Ciyawa ba tare da laka ba, ba za ta lalace ba, idan babu laka, ciyawa ba za ta yi haihuwa ba”.Wannan yana nuna cikakke cewa ƙara adadin ƙasa mai kyau ba wai kawai yana da tasirin sha da riƙe taki ba, amma har ma yana da tasirin inganta lalata kwayoyin halitta.
5.Samar da takin zamani
Yada wani Layer na sludge tare da kauri na kimanin 20 cm a kan ramin samun iska na filin tarawa, ƙasa mai kyau, ko ƙasa turf a matsayin tabarma na bene don shayar da takin da aka shigar, sa'an nan kuma tara cikakken gauraye da kayan da aka bi da shi Layer zuwa Layer zuwa ƙasa. tabbata.Sannan a yayyafa taki da ruwa a kan kowane Layer, sannan a yayyafa shi kadan kadan na lemun tsami, foda phosphate, ko sauran takin phosphate.Ko allurar rigakafi da ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata fiber mai yawa.Za a ƙara ciyawa a kowane Layer da urea ko takin ƙasa da bran alkama don daidaita ma'aunin carbon-nitrogen gwargwadon adadin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da ingancin takin.
Ana lissafta wannan Layer ta Layer har sai ya kai tsayin 130-200 cm.Tsawon kowane Layer shine gaba ɗaya 30-70 cm.Ya kamata Layer na sama ya zama bakin ciki, kuma tsaka-tsaki da ƙananan ya kamata ya zama dan kadan.Yawan taki da ruwan da ake zubawa kowane Layer yakamata su kasance a cikin saman sama da ƙasa da ƙasa ta yadda za ta iya gangara ƙasa ta rarraba sama da ƙasa.a ko'ina.Faɗin tari da tsayin tari ya dogara da adadin kayan aiki da sauƙin aiki.Za a iya yin siffar tari ta zama siffa mai tururi ko wasu siffofi.Bayan an gama tari, an rufe shi da laka mai kauri 6-7 cm, ƙasa mai kyau, da kuma tsohon fim ɗin filastik, wanda ke da amfani ga adana zafi, riƙe ruwa, da riƙe taki.
6.Gudanar da takin zamani
Gabaɗaya kwanaki 3-5 bayan tsibin, kwayoyin halitta suna fara ruɓe ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta don sakin zafi, kuma yanayin zafi a cikin tudun yana tashi a hankali.Bayan kwanaki 7-8, yawan zafin jiki a cikin tudu ya tashi sosai, ya kai 60-70 ° C.Ayyukan ya raunana kuma bazuwar albarkatun kasa bai cika ba.Don haka, yayin lokacin tarawa, damshi da zafin jiki suna canzawa a cikin babba, tsakiya, da ƙananan sassa na tarin ya kamata a duba akai-akai.
Za mu iya amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na takin don gano zafin ciki na takin.Idan ba ku da ma'aunin zafin jiki na takin, zaku iya saka dogon sandar ƙarfe a cikin tari kuma ku bar shi na mintuna 5!Bayan cire shi, gwada shi da hannunka.Yana jin dumi a 30 ℃, yana jin zafi a kusan 40-50 ℃, kuma yana jin zafi a kusan 60 ℃.Don duba danshi, zaku iya lura da bushewa da yanayin yanayin yanayin da ake sakawa na shingen ƙarfe.Idan yana cikin yanayin datti, yana nufin cewa adadin ruwan ya dace;idan ya kasance a bushe, yana nufin cewa ruwan ya yi ƙasa sosai, kuma za ku iya yin rami a saman tulin ku ƙara ruwa.Idan danshi a cikin tarin ya dace da samun iska, yanayin zafi zai tashi a hankali a cikin 'yan kwanaki na farko bayan tari, kuma zai iya kaiwa mafi girma a cikin kimanin mako guda.Matsayin babban zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da kwanaki 3 ba, kuma zafin jiki zai ragu sannu a hankali bayan kwanaki 10.A wannan yanayin, juya tari sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 20-25, juya murfin waje zuwa tsakiya, juya tsakiyar zuwa waje, kuma ƙara adadin fitsari mai dacewa kamar yadda ake buƙata don sake tarawa don inganta lalata.Bayan an sake tarawa, bayan wasu kwanaki 20-30, kayan da ake amfani da su suna kusa da matakin baƙar fata, ruɓe, da ƙamshi, wanda ke nuna cewa sun lalace, kuma za'a iya amfani da su, ko kuma za'a iya matsawa ƙasan murfin kuma a adana su. daga baya amfani.
7.Juyawa taki
Daga farkon takin, mitar juyawa ya kamata:
7 kwanaki bayan lokaci na farko;Kwanaki 14 bayan lokaci na biyu;Kwanaki 21 bayan na uku;Wata 1 bayan karo na hudu;sau daya a wata bayan haka.Lura: Ya kamata a ƙara ruwa da kyau don daidaita danshi zuwa 50-60% duk lokacin da aka juya tari.
8. Yadda za a yi hukunci da balagagge na takin
Da fatan za a duba labarai masu zuwa:
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-11-2022