Yaya ake amfani da bambaro lokacin yin takin?

Bambaro ita ce sharar da ta ragu bayan mun girbe alkama, shinkafa, da sauran amfanin gona.Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka sani, saboda halaye na musamman na bambaro, yana iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin takin.

Ka'idar aiki na takin bambaro shine tsarin ma'adinai da ƙasƙantar da kwayoyin halitta kamar bambaro na amfanin gona ta jerin ƙwayoyin cuta.A farkon matakin takin, tsarin ma'adinai shine babban tsari, kuma mataki na gaba yana mamaye tsarin ƙasƙanci.Ta hanyar yin takin, za a iya rage rabon carbon-nitrogen na kwayoyin halitta, za a iya fitar da sinadiran da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, kuma za a iya rage yaduwar kwayoyin cuta, kwai, da tsaba a cikin kayan takin.Sabili da haka, tsarin lalata takin ba kawai tsari ne na rugujewa da sake dawo da kwayoyin halitta ba amma har ma da magani mara lahani.Gudu da alkiblar waɗannan matakai suna tasiri ta hanyar abubuwan da ke tattare da takin, ƙwayoyin cuta, da yanayin muhallinsa.Yawan zafin jiki taki gabaɗaya yana wucewa ta matakai na dumama, sanyaya, da taki.

Sharuɗɗan da takin bambaro dole ne ya cika:

Yafi a cikin bangarori biyar: danshi, iska, zazzabi, rabon carbon-nitrogen, da pH.

• Danshi.Yana da wani muhimmin al'amari da ke shafar ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da saurin takin.Kayan takin yana samun sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta bayan ya sha ruwa, faɗaɗa, da laushi.Gabaɗaya, abun ciki na danshi yakamata ya zama 60% -75% na matsakaicin ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na kayan takin.
• Iska.Adadin iskar da ke cikin takin yana shafar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta kai tsaye da rugujewar kwayoyin halitta.Don haka, don daidaita iskar, za a iya amfani da hanyar sassautawa da farko sannan a dunkule sosai, sannan za a iya kafa hasumiyai na samun iska da ramuka a cikin takin, sannan a rufe saman takin da mayafi.
• Zazzabi.Daban-daban nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin takin suna da buƙatu daban-daban don zafin jiki.Gabaɗaya, yanayin zafin da ya dace don ƙwayoyin cuta anaerobic shine 25-35 ° C, don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, 40-50 ° C, don ƙwayoyin cuta mesophilic, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 25-37 ° C, kuma ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu zafi.Mafi dacewa zafin jiki shine 60-65 ℃, kuma ana hana aikin sa idan ya wuce 65 ℃.Za a iya daidaita yawan zafin jiki bisa ga kakar.Lokacin da ake yin takin a cikin hunturu, ƙara saniya, tumaki, da takin doki don ƙara yawan zafin jiki na takin ko kuma rufe saman tudun don dumama.Lokacin da ake yin takin rani, zafin iska yana tashi da sauri, sannan a juya takin, kuma ana iya ƙara ruwa don rage zafin iska don sauƙaƙe adana nitrogen.
• Carbon zuwa nitrogen rabo.Daidaitaccen rabon carbon-nitrogen (C/N) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sharuɗɗan don hanzarta lalata takin, guje wa wuce gona da iri na abubuwan da ke ɗauke da carbon, da haɓaka haɗin humus.Babban zafin jiki takin yana amfani da bambaro na hatsi a matsayin kayan albarkatu, kuma rabonsa na carbon-nitrogen shine gabaɗaya 80-100: 1, yayin da rabon carbon-nitrogen da ake buƙata don ayyukan rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta shine kusan 25: 1, wato lokacin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka rushe kwayoyin halitta, kowane kashi 1 na nitrogen, sassa 25 na carbon suna buƙatar a hade su.Lokacin da rabon carbon-nitrogen ya fi 25: 1, saboda iyakancewar ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, bazuwar kwayoyin halitta yana jinkirin, kuma dukkanin ƙwayoyin nitrogen da suka lalace suna amfani da su da kansu, kuma ba za a iya saki nitrogen mai tasiri a cikin takin ba. .Lokacin da rabon carbon-nitrogen ya kasance ƙasa da 25: 1, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ninka da sauri, kayan suna da sauƙi bazuwa, kuma ana iya fitar da nitrogen mai tasiri, wanda kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da humus.Saboda haka, rabon carbon-nitrogen na bambaro na ciyawa yana da faɗi sosai, kuma ya kamata a daidaita rabon carbon-nitrogen zuwa 30-50: 1 lokacin da ake yin takin.Gabaɗaya, ana ƙara takin ɗan adam daidai da 20% na takin takin ko 1% -2% takin nitrogen don biyan buƙatun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don nitrogen da haɓaka lalata takin.
• Acidity da alkalinity (pH).Kwayoyin cuta na iya aiki a cikin wani kewayon acid da alkali kawai.Yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin takin suna buƙatar tsaka tsaki zuwa yanayin tushen alkaline acid kaɗan (pH 6.4-8.1), kuma mafi kyawun pH shine 7.5.Ana samar da nau'ikan acid iri-iri a cikin aikin takin zamani, ƙirƙirar yanayi na acidic kuma yana shafar ayyukan haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta.Saboda haka, adadin da ya dace (2% -3% na strawweight) na lemun tsami ko ash shuka ya kamata a ƙara yayin takin don daidaita pH.Yin amfani da wasu adadin superphosphate na iya haɓaka takin don girma.

Babban mahimman abubuwan fasahar sarrafa zafin zafin bambaro:

1. Hanyar takin gargajiya:

• Zaɓi wuri.Zaɓi wuri kusa da tushen ruwa kuma dacewa don sufuri.Girman takin ya dogara da wurin da adadin kayan.Ana buga ƙasa, sannan a sanya wani busasshiyar ƙasa mai kyau a ƙasa, sannan a sanya wani yanki na ciyawar da ba a yanke ba a saman a matsayin gado mai iska (kimanin 26 cm cikin kauri).
• Kula da bambaro.Bambaro da sauran kayan marmari ana jera su a kan gadon a jeri, kauri ko wanne ya kai kimanin cm 20, sannan ana zubar da najasa da fitsarin dan Adam a jeri (kasan a kasa kuma a sama)., don haka ƙasa ta kasance cikin hulɗa da ƙasa, cire sandar katako bayan tarawa, kuma sauran ramukan ana amfani da su azaman ramukan samun iska.
• rabon takin abu.Matsakaicin bambaro, taki na mutum da dabba, da ƙasa mai kyau shine 3: 2: 5, kuma ana ƙara 2-5% calcium-magnesium-phosphate taki don haɗa takin lokacin da aka haɗa kayan abinci, wanda zai iya rage gyare-gyaren phosphorus da ingantawa. ingancin taki na alli-magnesium-phosphate taki sosai.
• Yana daidaita danshi.Gabaɗaya, yana da kyau a riƙe kayan a hannu idan akwai ɗigon ruwa.Tono rami mai zurfin santimita 30 da faɗin santimita 30 a kusa da takin, sannan a noma ƙasa a kusa don hana asarar taki.
• Laka hatimi.Rufe tudun da laka na kusan 3 cm.Lokacin da jikin da aka tara a hankali ya nutse kuma zafin da ke cikin tsibin ya ragu a hankali, sai a juye tulin, a haɗa kayan da ba su da kyau a gefuna tare da kayan ciki daidai, sannan a sake tara su.Idan an gano kayan yana da fararen ƙwayoyin cuta Lokacin da jikin siliki ya bayyana, ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace, sannan a sake rufe shi da laka.Lokacin da rabi ya lalace, danna shi sosai kuma a rufe shi don amfani daga baya.
• Alamar takin da aka lalata.Lokacin da cikakken bambaro, launin bambaro ya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa, bambaron yana da laushi sosai ko kuma ya gauraye a cikin ball, kuma ragowar shuka ba a bayyane ba.Riƙe takin da hannu don matse ruwan ruwan, wanda ba shi da launi da wari bayan an tace.

2. Hanya mai saurin rubewa:

• Zaɓi wuri.Zaɓi wuri kusa da tushen ruwa kuma dacewa don sufuri.Girman takin ya dogara da wurin da adadin kayan.Idan ka zaɓi ƙasa mai faɗi, ya kamata ka gina ƙasa mai tsayi cm 30 a kusa da shi don hana ruwa gudu.
• Kula da bambaro.Gabaɗaya an kasu kashi uku, kauri na farko da na biyu ya kai 60 cm, kauri na uku shine 40 cm, kuma cakuda bambaro mai lalata wakili da urea ana yayyafa shi daidai tsakanin yadudduka kuma a kan Layer na uku, bambaro. wakili mai lalatawa da urea Adadin cakuda shine 4: 4: 2 daga ƙasa zuwa sama.Ana buƙatar nisa da yawa don zama mita 1.6-2, tsayin daka shine mita 1.0-1.6, kuma tsawon ya dogara da adadin kayan da girman shafin.Bayan tarawa, an rufe shi da laka (ko fim).Kwanaki 20-25 na iya zama lalata da amfani da shi, ingancin yana da kyau, kuma ingantaccen abun ciki na gina jiki yana da girma.
• Material da rabo.Dangane da ton 1 na bambaro, 1 kilogiram na bambaro mai lalata wakili (irin su "301" wakili na kwayan cuta, ruɓaɓɓen bambaro, wakili na ripening sinadaran, "HEM" kwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin enzyme, da dai sauransu), sa'an nan kuma 5 kg na urea. ko 200-300 kilogiram na bazuwar najasar ɗan adam da fitsari) don saduwa da nitrogen da ake buƙata don ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da daidaita ma'aunin carbon-nitrogen a hankali.
• Daidaita danshi.Kafin takin, jiƙa bambaro da ruwa.Matsakaicin busassun bambaro zuwa ruwa shine gabaɗaya 1:1.8 don abun cikin bambaro zai iya kaiwa 60% -70%.Mabuɗin nasara ko gazawa.